Public Finance 2 authorities control the economic activities of our Country: 1) RBI (monetary policy) 2) Government of India ( Fiscal Policy) Public Finance is the study of Fiscal Policy. Public Finance : 1) It studies how the state raises and spends its resources. 2) Also known as fiscal economics 3) ' Fiscal' is derived from the Greek word basket. 4)Modern state is a Welfare State and not a police state. Tax Taxes are compulsory payments to the government without any expectation of direct return or benefit to the taxpaye…
Non Performing Assets ( NPA) It is a loan or an advance for which the principal or interest amount remained overdue for a period of 90 days. Types of NPA Standard assets: Borrower fails to make repayment regularly and on time. Substandard: Borrower fails to make repayment for a term less than or equal to 12 months Doubtful: Borrower fails to make repayment for a period of more than 12 months Loss Assets: Repayment uncollectable by Banks Causes of NPA: 1) Willful defaults eg: Kingfisher Airlines 2) Industrial crisis 3) Le…
Banking A bank is a type of a financial intermediary which intermediates between a saver( depositor) and a borrower. It's primary liabilities are deposits and primary assets are loans. Banks are controlled by RBI( through RBI Act 1934) and governed by Banks Regulation Act ( BRA) 1949. Whenever a depositor deposits a certain amount of money in a bank for a certain interest rate , the bank lends the money in the form of a loan to a borrower for a certain percentage of interest rate. Classification of Banks Public Se…
GEOMORPHOLOGY: · Geomorphology is the study of formation of Universe and clustered structure in it. · The most accepted among the available theories is BIG BANG theory. · Our universe consists of 96% of dark matter and 4% of celestial bodies. BIG BANG THEORY: · It begins with the assumption of considering the presence of PREMORDIAL particle which has infinite volume , density and temperature. It’s size is less than the size of electron. · This tiny particle exploded before 13.7 billon years ago and …
BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity is the biological variety and variability of life on Earth . It includes all organisms, species and populations. Types of biodiversity: -genetic diversity -species diversity -ecosystem diversity GENETIC DIVERSITY It includes changes within the species at genetic level. Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. This constitutes distinct population of the same species. It takes place due to natural factors, human induced differenc…
The EU traces its origin from the European Coal and Steel Community and European Economic Community formed by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands and West Germany countries in 1951 and 1958 respectively. The Maastricht treaty established the EU in 1993 and introduced European citizenship. The union develops permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G7 and the G20. London is the capital of England and also the capital of the UK. Britain is a…
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY: How biodiversity gets destructed ? *currently we are experiencing anthrophocene extinction. *more changes are made by humans to the nature. CAUSES OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS: * Natural cause *Man made cause NATURAL CAUSE: *Climate change , hot and cold cycle of climates *Forest fire: *slash and burn cultivation *firing the ground in search of deer Horn *gender reveal culture by US Citizens MANMADE CA…
EUROPEAN UNION: Western European countries Central European countries Eastern European countries Nordic/ Scandinavian countries EUROPEAN COUNTRIES MAINLY FOCUS ON: Human rights protection and democratic values. Transparency and accountability. Quality Good governance Recently, the European Commission has announced a plan, called Global Gateway, to mobilize EURO 300 billion by 2027 in public and private infrastructure investment around the world. Although the plan doesn’t mention China, it is seen as a response to China’s Belt and Road strat…
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